Abstract
We investigated the differences in challenges to online teaching between novice and veteran lecturers by conducting interviews. The interviews revealed that the veterans paid attention to attracting the students' attention. They made many modifications to the class design for this purpose. With the reference to the research on the challenges of face-to-face teaching (Yoshizaki, Ohnishi, Sato, et al.), veterans were not overly concerned about grasping the state of students in online classes and actively engaged in communication to shorten the emotional distance, including non-verbal communication such as talking to and gesturing to the students.
