抄録
Biogeography, an integrative discipline investigating the distribution patterns of organisms in geographical space and their ecological and evolutionary driving mechanisms, encompasses important branches such as ecological biogeography, historical biogeography, and molecular biogeography. In recent years, with the rapid development of remote sensing, big data analytics, and artificial intelligence technologies, biogeography has achieved significant breakthroughs in research paradigms, methodological systems, and application domains. This article systematically reviews the core theories and research content of biogeography, focusing on research frontiers such as global biodiversity patterns, species distribution models, species response mechanisms under global change, and ecosystem adaptive dynamics. Building on this, the article deeply analyzes the key challenges currently facing biogeography, including the comprehensive impacts of factors like climate change, land-use transitions, and human disturbances on ecological processes. Concurrently, it explores the potential application value of big data fusion and intelligent algorithms in species distribution prediction, biogeographical regionalization optimization, and conservation priority area identification. Finally, the article summarizes the future development trends of biogeography, emphasizing that interdisciplinary collaboration, data-driven research, and integrated model construction will be crucial pathways for promoting the continuous evolution of this field. This study aims to provide a systematic review and forward-looking reference for the theoretical deepening and practical expansion of biogeography.
