抄録
Land use/land cover change (LUCC) is a major anthropogenic driver of global change and exerts profound influences on the formation of terrestrial carbon sinks and regional to global carbon budgets by altering ecosystem structure and processes, thereby playing a critical role in climate change mitigation and the pursuit of carbon neutrality. This study aims to systematically synthesize current scientific understanding, regulatory mechanisms, and recent advances regarding LUCC impacts on the terrestrial carbon cycle. Based on a comprehensive literature review, we summarize the effects of major LUCC types, including cropland expansion, deforestation and forest restoration, and urbanization, on carbon stocks and fluxes, and identify the key processes governing carbon source–sink transitions. We further evaluate the roles and trade-offs of land management practices in croplands, forests, grasslands, wetlands, and urban systems in enhancing carbon sequestration and reducing emissions. Particular emphasis is placed on the influences of coupled carbon–nitrogen–water cycles, soil microbial regulation, and land–atmosphere energy feedbacks under LUCC on regional and global carbon dynamics. In addition, we review recent applications and limitations of remote sensing, ecosystem modeling, isotope tracing, and artificial intelligence in assessing LUCC-related carbon effects. The results indicate that LUCC impacts on the carbon cycle are characterized by strong nonlinearity, pronounced scale dependence, and tight process coupling, while current assessments remain constrained by insufficient process representation and weakened feedbacks from human decision-making. Future research should prioritize multi-scale process integration, mechanistic understanding of microbial functions, and deep coupling between human–land systems and Earth system models to provide robust scientific support for land-use and climate policies oriented toward carbon neutrality.
