抄録
Energy geography examines the spatial distribution of energy resources, production–consumption systems, infrastructure networks, and their environmental and social impacts, providing important theoretical support for energy transition and sustainable development. With increasing energy security concerns, rapid renewable energy deployment, and the integration of digital technologies, the field has evolved from traditional resource-location studies toward broader issues involving energy networks, geopolitical dynamics, low-carbon transitions, and system resilience. This study systematically reviews the evolution, theoretical foundations, and methodological approaches of energy geography and proposes a four-dimensional analytical framework comprising resource endowment, spatial organization, system governance, and transformation innovation. The framework covers energy resource distribution and suitability, production–transportation–consumption networks, energy security and justice, geopolitical and ecological constraints, as well as emerging technologies such as hydrogen energy, energy storage, CCUS, multi-energy integration, and smart energy systems. The review identifies major research gaps, including limited understanding of multi-scale coupling mechanisms, insufficient integration of energy and carbon flow analyses, inadequate assessment of technological change, and weak attention to energy transitions in the Global South. Future research should strengthen AI- and geospatial-data-driven monitoring and forecasting, energy network simulation, urban energy resilience assessment, low-carbon scenario analysis, and policy experimentation. Energy geography is shifting from static resource allocation studies toward the governance of dynamic energy systems, providing new opportunities for theoretical innovation and evidence-based energy policymaking.
