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Wind energy capacity has increased rapidly in recent years, and this trend is expected to continue according to various forecasts. Although wind energy can offset emissions from fossil-fueled power plants, there are potential environmental challenges associated with continued expansion of wind projects around the world that warrant scientific study to ensure they do not become critical issues. Potential environmental challenges include: lifecycle air emissions, lifecycle water use and water quality impacts, land use and wildlife impacts, end-of-life decommissioning and disposal, and human health impacts. Our literature review describes the environmental challenges related to wind energy and identifies associated research needs.
