Abstract
The problem of heat balance is one of the most importan factors in applied climatology especially associated with the water balance. Japan is an extremely rainy country and suffers more frequently from flood damage than from drought. So water is generally excessive excepting in. limited seasons and areas in which the deficit of summer heat often causes crop damage especially to rice in extensive areas in the northern half of Japan. For this reason, the author has studied the radiation problem mainly from the geo-graphical and climatological points of view. In this paper, he deals with the geographical distribution of horizontal solar intensity in Japan and explains the Bai-u or Plum Rain from the heat balance standpoint.
The main items are as follows:
1. Observational materials with the table of monthly normals for horizontal solar intensity including sky radiation.
2. The annual march and the geographical distribution of solar intensity.
3. The transmission of solar intentity in Japan expressed by a newly devised index.
4. The influence of Bai-u or Plum Rain, on the temperature march in the summer season as explained by heat balance.
In this paper, detailed description is difficult because of many limitations.
The full paper in English will be completed in the near future after further study.
Fig. 1. Annual variation of the horizontal solar intensity expressed in average daily amount at four four selected station in Japan. (cal•cm-2 day-1)
Fig. 2. Distribution of the horizontal solar intensity (cal•call-1)
(a) during a year, (b) in January (c) from June to August
Fig. 3. Correlation between transmission ratio, a new index, and transmission cofficient in general use.
Fig. 4. Correlation be tween transmission ratio and cloudiness.
Fig. 5. Heat balance at Tokyo during a year.
I : total incoming radiation (heat profit)
W : heat loss due to the outgoing radiation and evaporation.
The area covered with verteial parallel lines corresponds to the heat excess and dotted one to the heat deficit.
