Abstract
1, The trawl fishing, west of 128°30'E, that is carried on the continental shelf grounds in the Eas China Sea and the Yellow Sea is one of the most advanced enterprises under capitalistic system in Japan and has ranked second to the pelagic whaling. lts catch in 1955 amounted. to 41% of the figurerecorded by the entire long-distance fishery and 6.6% of the grand total in Japan, and it is beingshipped to Osaka, Kobe and Tokyo districts and all the other parts of the country(excepting Hokkaido).
2. The trawl fishing, west of 128°30'E, consists of otter trawl and pair trawl fiisheries that have developed to the stage of factory-industry system, not only in technical but socio-economic sense.
While the former, a fishing method of foreign orgin developed from an advanced technique originated in the North Sea and imported from England early in this century, has been managed by capitalists from the first, the latter has grown out of the coastal boat seines fishery of purely Japanese origin ever
since fishing-boats were furnished with motors. Though these two fisheries compete with each other, sharing the same fishing grunds, following the similar methods of fishing and catching the same kinds of demersal fish, the pair trawl fishing is, so far as the trawl fishing under discussion is concerned, completely outrivalling the otter trawl fishing for technical and economical reasons.
3. In the pair trawl fishing that constitutes the main body of the trawl fishng, west of 128°30'E, there are two systems of different genealogy called Izumo Type (or Shimonoseki Type) aod Awa Type (or Nagasaki Type). While the former assumes modern form with fixed salary as in the case of the otter trawl fishery, the latter follows percentage wages and head-fisherman system, adopting such management form as remains still much of semi-feudalistic or un-modernized system.
4. As the bases for trawl fishing, west of 128°30'E, the ports of Shimonoseki and Nagasaki formed trade center since they are situated at the key-point for both land and sea traffics ; while the Coto Islands being located close to fishing-grounds prospered for sometime, but due to the various conditions such as the application of largetyped, Diesel engines to fishing-boats, the development of wirelss, concentration of large capitals keeping step with the progress of circulation circumstances and capiatlism, these detached island bases near fishing-grounds have been gradually replaced by the cities where circulation is more active.
5. The trends most remarkable of late are the development of large capitals and big bases on one hand and the decline of small capitals and small bases on the other. Involved in these trends are the following factors the influx after the war of many capitals reconverted from other industries and the reduction of fishing-ground especially due to the establishment of Rhee Line with an increase of voyage distance to the grounds, habour facilities, relations with consumers' market, conditions of circulation, character of each city and its policy, and the strengthening of monopolistic capitals through the processes of depression resulting from the seizure of trawlers and of curtailment of the numder of ships which has been brought about by the devastation of the grounds.
6. Among the four ports of Shimonoseki, Tobata, Nagasaki and Fukuoka which are now looked upon as major fishing bases of the day, the influence of the former two belonging to Izumo Type is gradually declining, whereas that of the latter two belonging to Awa Type is showiog upward curve. This can be ascribed not only to such geographical advantages the closeness to fishing-ground as for Nagasaki and the existence of consumers' market of its own as for Fukuoka but to the difference in the management forms (percentage wage and fixed salary system) which is characterized by the disparity in the regional socialeconomics and the historical development process.
