Abstract
Uncarbonized fruits of Castanea crenata were collected from 14 archaeological sites since ca. 10000 yBP, in Japan. In the Earliest Jomon Period (ca. 9300 yBP), the fruit size was similar to the wild ones. During Early to Middle J omon Period, (ca. 6000 to 4000 yBP), their size became larger. In the Late to Latest Jomon Period (ca. 4000 to 2250 yBP), some of them are twice larger than the wild ones, and reach the size of the modern cultivated forms.
