The threat of nuclear and radiological terrorism (RN terrorism) using nuclear materials and other radioactive materials out of regulatory control (MORC) has been widely recognized by the international community, and many countries have been developing nuclear security capabilities to counter the RM terrorism. In nuclear security, it is important not only to enhance physical protection measures for nuclear facilities possessing nuclear and other radioactive materials, but also to develop technical measures such as nuclear detection including recovery of the materials, and nuclear forensics for initial response and criminal investigations to the incidents involving MORC. In this paper, technical challenges regarding nuclear forensics and detection, mainly in the field of radiation measurement, will be discussed, and the development of radiation technology at the Integrated Support Center for Nuclear Nonproliferation and Nuclear Security (ISCN) of JAEA will be introduced.
