Abstract
Adaptive management has been applied to manage wild deer populations in Japan. Here, I present a strategic schema for implementing complete adaptive wildlife management. This schema consists of a hierarchical distribution comprising one policy and three layers (strategy, operation and tactics) of measures for wildlife management. The lower layers aim to achieve the goals of the higher layers. An important precondition of adaptive management is that every measure should be evaluated properly. For the evaluation, control conditions must be established for each measure, although these are rarely established in actual management programs. I propose an alternative method for evaluating multiple measures.
