Abstract
The Aichi Biodiversity Targets (ABTs) of the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD) define world targets for the conservation and sustainable use of biodiversity from 2011 through 2020. Post-2020 targets (post-ABTs) will be determined at the 15th Meeting of the Conference of Parties to the Convention (CBD-COP15) in 2020, and many studies on the challenges presented by these targets, and their effectiveness, have been conducted worldwide. In this article, we review possible approaches to be considered when setting these follow-up targets, such as specific, measurable, ambitious, realistic, time-bound (SMART) targets. Then, by focusing on Aichi Target 11 for protected areas as a case study, we discuss the challenges and concepts that could be incorporated into the new post-2020 targets, together with radical suggestions for modifying the current targets, using detailed examples in Japan. Lastly, we suggest that while nature preservation should be developed, other, approaches to nature, such as ecosystem-based disaster risk reduction, should also be implemented.
