Abstract
A large scale diffusion of residential photovoltaic (PV) could result in deterioration of voltage quality of power distribution when generated electricity exceeds electricity demand. Authors evaluated the effect of energy demand management to mitigate this issue while assuming a residential community consisting of 1012 households connected to a feeder of high-voltage distribution line. The energy demand management methods considered in this study is shift of operation schedule of electric appliances and heat-pump water heater. For evaluation, we developed a model combining the following sub-models: 1) a model estimating energy demand and PV generation of households, 2) an operation optimization model for appliances and water heater by using mixed-integer liner programming program, and 3) an model estimating voltage at nodes of the feeder of a high-voltage distribution line. The result revealed that energy demand management is capable of significantly reducing electricity surplus generated by PV during daytime and avoid PV generation suppressed because voltage exceeds the regulated limit. Energy demand management is more effective if it is carried out at nodes belonging to downstream of the distribution line.
