This study investigates the effectiveness of overhead catenary line voltage compensation when substations are replaced by energy storage systems (ESS). Our findings reveal that the voltage compensation effect is insufficient to elevate the substation voltage to the required level and stabilize the output voltage of the ESS using conventional control methods. Therefore, this study evaluated the voltage compensation effect using a three-dimensional power control method for ESS that considers for both feeder voltage compensation and the state of charge of the ESS. A numerical simulation, which considers in the actual feeder circuit configuration and train diagram, is employed to verify the effectiveness of the proposed control method. The simulation results indicate that the suggested approach requires a limited energy capacity of approximately 25kWh to achieve voltage compensation for overhead catenary lines.
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