Wide-area Supply-and-demand Control Considering Tie-line between Control Areas in Case of High Penetration of Renewable Energy Sources

Abstract

Introduction of renewable energy sources, such as photovoltaic (PV) and wind turbine (WT), might cause supply-and-demand imbalance over a long time. As a countermeasure for supply-and-demand imbalance, wide-area supply-and-demand control considering tie-line between control areas is considered. As the controlled area expands, the number of generators for satisfying ramp-rate and spinning-reserve also increases. Moreover, since a large number of PV and WT are installed over a wide-area, the output of each PV and WT is almost uncorrelated and smoothed by statistical properties. In this paper, a long-term analysis model for determining optimal output while calculating frequency and tie-line power deviation is used for evaluating the wide-area supply-and-demand control. The simulation results reveal that the frequency of power systems and the fuel cost of generators can be decreased by wide-area supply-and-demand control.