日台中における大学生の友情観比較――「間主観性」概念の検討をもとに――

抄録

Due to the paucity of systematic studies on Chinese friendship, this study compared 169 Japanese, 172 Taiwanese and 260 Chinese university students’ perceptions of friendship. A quantitative approach was chosen after examining the concept of “intersubjectivity” that indicates self as a creation of culture and as having shared dimensions with others in the culture. Specifically, a questionnaire including 30 questions about friendship (e.g., “I often visit my friend without telling s/he beforehand,” “When I worry about my parents’ quarrels, I talk about my worries with my friend,” “When I’m short of money and my friend has some, s/he will help me,” etc.) was constructed based on previous interviews and a preliminary descriptive study conducted in 2009.

This study collected data in the three countries in 2009, and performed factor analysis to discover factors influencing participants’ friendship. The five factors that emerged included “closeness of social–distance,” “non–politeness,” “trustful relation,” “psychological burden” and “frankness with concerns of saving face,” respectively. Then, analysis of variance was utilized to compare the three groups in terms of the five factors. Results revealed the following two major findings:

1. Chinese participants tended to show the closest and most trusting relationships paying least attention to manners, and to express their opinions most straight–forwardly to friends among the three groups.

2. Japanese participants were inclined to indicate the farthest social–distance of the three groups, and to be concerned about manners most in order not to make friends feel uncomfortable.

Theoretical discussion in the framework of Umesao’s “Ecological View of History” helped provide reasons for Chinese participants’ strongest personal bond with friends, followed by the Taiwanese, and the Japanese weakest relations among the three groups.