Spontaneous Coronary Artery Rupture Causing Acute Cardiac Tamponade and Cardiogenic Shock

Abstract

Spontaneous coronary artery rupture (SCAR) is an extremely rare, life-threatening entity without any previous underlying diseases. The clinical presentation may differ according to the site of the rupture and some patients may deteriorate early into sudden death due to the abrupt evolution of the associated cardiac tamponade and cardiogenic shock.¹⁾ The correct diagnosis of SCAR deserves a high level of suspicion. It may be confirmed as a differential diagnosis in patients with cardiac tamponade using transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) and computed tomography angiography (CTA) following emergency pericardiocentesis, and a definite diagnosis can be achieved by selective angiography. Although SCAR is associated with a dismal prognosis, some patients have recovered through emergency surgical operations or catheter interventions.²⁾ We report the case of a patient presenting cardiac tamponade and cardiogenic shock due to spontaneous rupture of the circumflex branch of the left coronary artery, which was successfully isolated by bilateral ligation.