Responses to Treatment According to the Cytokine Profiles of Pericardial Effusion in Two Children with Idiopathic Pericarditis

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Acute pericarditis is inflammation of the pericardium with or without pericardial effusion. In the pediatric population, most patients with acute pericarditis are diagnosed with idiopathic pericarditis. Herein, we present two children with idiopathic pericarditis who underwent immunological assessment of pericardial effusion for the first time. Both patients showed equally high levels of interleukin-6 in the pericardial effusion. However, they had different treatment responses, in accordance with the pericardial effusion and serum interleukin-10 concentrations. Our present cases suggest that interleukin-10 may be associated with the response to anti-inflammatory therapy in idiopathic acute pericarditis.