Abstract
(1) Multiple chest, esophageal, intracardiac leads and direct epicardial leads were taken in cattle and goats to study the mode of ventricular activation of ungulates.
(2) There was little difference between cattle and goat in these special leads.
(3) In direct epicardial leads the area showing QS pattern was invariably observed, and in the intraventricular tracings, QS, rS and RS patterns were noted.
(4) From the findings in direct epicardial leads and intraventricular leads, it was assumed that the ventricular activation, as a whole, was directed from apex to base, though transmural activation might play a role at least in some regions of ventricular wall. This assumption could explain well the findings of multiple chest leads and esophageal leads.
