Numerical Calculations of a Multiscale Model of Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 Infection: Progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Caused by Immune Response Escape Mutants and Viral Breakthrough of Drug-Resistant Mutants

Abstract

This paper presents a multiscale model of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) infection that considers the life cycle of HIV-1 and the mechanisms of anti-HIV-1 drugs. This model can describe the progression of HIV-1 infection caused by immune response escape mutants and viral breakthrough of drug-resistant mutants during anti-HIV-1 therapy. By solving the partial differential equations in the model, the model equations are transformed into simultaneous ordinary differential equations that can be calculated using the Runge-Kutta method and Simpson’s formula without an approximate formula. The model and the method of calculating the model used in this paper will be useful in fields in which a multiscale or age-structured model is typically used, such as population dynamics or infection transmission dynamics.