Internal Medicine
Online ISSN : 1349-7235
Print ISSN : 0918-2918
ISSN-L : 0918-2918
Erdheim-Chester Disease Diagnosed by a Pericardial Fluid Cell Block Analysis: A Case Report
Ikumi InoueYoshio NakanoTakahiro HayakawaHideki KosakoKeiya MasudaAkira HondaAtsushi TanakaMineo Kurokawa
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JOURNAL OPEN ACCESS Advance online publication

Article ID: 5424-25

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Abstract

Erdheim-Chester disease (ECD) is a rare histiocytic disorder that poses significant diagnostic challenges owing to its non-specific symptoms. We herein report the case of a 71-year-old woman with exertional dyspnea and bilateral edema who was initially suspected to have heart failure based on cardiomegaly and pericardial effusion. Pericardiocentesis with a cell block analysis revealed histiocytes that were positive for CD68 and negative for CD1a, thus increasing the likelihood of ECD. The bone biopsy results were consistent, thus leading to a diagnosis of ECD. This case highlights the diagnostic utility of a pericardial fluid cell block analysis, which offers a minimally invasive method to identify ECD in patients with significant pericardial effusion.

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© 2025 by The Japanese Society of Internal Medicine

This article is licensed under a Creative Commons [Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International] license.
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