Walking Choice in Medium-sized and Small Cities:

Abstract

The relationship between urban form and transportation mode choice is complex. Moreover, studies have reported inconsistent results, including on the correlation between urban form and walking choice. This research explores this correlation in the medium-sized and small cities of Bandung and Yogyakarta, Indonesia, respectively. In this study, activity-based daily trip behavioural data were employed, and the respondents were selected using stratified random sampling based on the walkability of the environment and the distance to the city centre. Further, logistic regression analysis and the chi-square test were used to identify the correlation between urban form and walking choice. The results reveal that urban form has a significant effect on the decision to walk, particularly in relation to transit trips, the distance to the city centre, and pedestrian-friendly environments. However, the decision to walk is also affected by socio-economic factors. In addition, specific factors, such as gender and vehicle ownership, have different effects compared to those reported in previous studies.