国府台・自己像尺度の作成と適用

抄録

1. About Self-Image: In recent clinical psychology, there is a tendency to take seriously of the self image, for which the individual has perceived on the occasion of understanding the personality, adjustment and behaviour of an individual concerned. It has clinically proved that it's significant to know the self which is perceived by a patient himself (it is called self-concept or self-image) for the prediction of his behaviour and the improvement of personality by means of psychotherapy. Following this tendency, the attempt to measure the self-image operationally and statistically has also developed.
2. The Aim of Development of Konodai Self-Image Scale: On the basis of recognition of the shortcomings and the limit in many self-measurement methods, we have made out the new one where we have laid stress on the following points. (1) This should be the measure that we can get. a patient to express the various aspects of his realization experienced by himself as frankly as possible (2) It should be useful rather for clinical understanding of an individual and tratment in a direct sense than for the tool of research. (3) To minimize the restriction based on the framework which is set up by testers in advance. (4) To make much of the clinical validity rather than statistical and mathematical accuracy.
3. The Process of Making the Scale: Adopting the merits of S-D Method (Semantic-Differential Method……the method to measure and synthesize the sense differentiated by the use of many adjective-pairs scales), which is known as an excellent method in the image-measurement, we have finally selected 75 pairs of adjectives from more than 100 ones which were picked up by our experience. Each of these adjective-pairs constructs a scale which is divided in 7 stages on the line with the two poles of antonyms.
4. The Various Dimensions of the Scale and the Representative Items: All of the scales have provisionally been arranged in 10 dimensions for convenience, I. natural fluidity (natural-unnatural) II. activeness (active-inactive) III. security (securescared) IV. strength (strong-weak) V. pureness (pure-impure) VI. brightness (bright-gloomy) VII. existential feeling (with a foothold-without a foothold) VIII. relatedness with others (frank with others-reserved) IX. impulsiveness (exhaled-pentup) X. regard to self (positive-me-negative-me).
5. The Method of Practice: It is written clearly that the purpose of the scale is strictly to find out a clue with which an examinee himself can understand his own inner world in company with a tester. On this occasion, it :is necessary that the confidential relationship is established between a tester and an examinee. We have aimed to grasp the more differentiated self-image, utilizing the signs by which we can apprehend the two points mentioned below: how vivid an experience of conscious self percept is, and in which respect will he wish for his change and improvement?
6. The Practice in the Application of Self-Image Scale: (1) Applying the scale to three groups, namely the normal group, the neurotic group and the schizophrenic group, we have had the following results, Between the respective groups, there have been found statistically significant differences. But, it is more profitable to use this scale as an auxiliary means for psychotherapeutic approach than as the screening test. The traits of the selfimage in the schizophrenic group (new 20 cases of rather highly educated patients) are lacking in brightness, security, relaxed feeling, activeness and feeling of contentment, and show the negative image corresponding with the clinical view. (2) As to the cases who take psychotherapy in succession, we have caught the movement of self-image accompanied by the process of the treatment, and have tried to compare the measured selfimage with the self-image and the change of behaviour informed at the therapy-situation.
7. It has been cleared that the scale is available for a patie