Abstract
Various carbon materials have been prepared by pyrolysis of organic and polymer substances under inert gases and atmospheric pressure conditions. Considering shape, structures, and properties of starting organic substances, various functionalized carbon materials can be prepared. Especially, nano-structurization has been a key process for development of high-performance carbon materials for energy-storage and utilization. In this review paper, approaches for preparations of nano-structured carbon materials from conjugated polymers, woody substances, and cyclodextrin microcubes are summarized. Characteristics of nano-structured and microshape-retaining carbons derived from these substances are also summarized with reference to typical porous carbons and hierarchical nano-structred carbons.
