2025 Volume 64 Issue 3 Pages 272-283
Security features have been playing a crucial role since the history of banknotes began. For many years, the advances of industrial technologies and the change in circumstances surrounding banknotes have generated new and emerging threat to banknote security. This paper approaches the subject of security features from an evaluation viewpoint, being principally concerned with production technologies, which are partially confidential, difficult to imitate by commercially available alternative technologies and ease in authenticity including quality consistency for authentication accuracy following on the effectiveness of past and present security features against counterfeiting.