Abstract
Differences in the behavior of dispenser cathodes and oxide cathodes in laminar-flow type and crossover type electron guns were investigated by experiments and simulations under high-current-density conditions. When an oxide cathode is operated under such conditions, the heating effect due to Joule's heat in the oxide layer exceeds the cooling effect, depending on the product of the work function and the cathode current, resulting in a rise in the cathode temperature. This rise in cathode temperature aggravates deterioration of emission characteristics during the life of an oxide cathode. In the case of the dispenser cathode, however, the cathode temperature decreases under high-current-density conditions. When an oxide cathode in a crossover type electron gun is operated, there appear equipotential surfaces formed in the curved surface in the oxide layer. The formation of an equipotential surface leads to relaxation of the cathode loading. It is considered that this is the reason for the longer life of an oxide cathode in a crossover type electron gun than that of an oxide cathode in a laminar-flow type electron gun.
