A Draining-Only Modulation CMOS Image Sensor for Fluorescence Lifetime Imaging

Abstract

The paper presents a time-resolved CMOS image sensor with Draining Only Modulation(DOM) pixels for fluorescence lifetime imaging. The proposed DOM pixels, which enables signal charge transfer without any transfer gates, provides high-speed charge modulation and repetitive accumulation at very low light level. The prototype imager demonstrates loss-free charge accumulation and fluorescence lifetime measurements for different fluorescent samples.