Abstract
"All hazards" approach has been adopted by many developed countries to tackle with such national safety and security issues as 9.11 terrorist attack and large-scale floods. The Great East Japan Earthquake in 2011 should have been the trigger for Japan to depart from fragmented governmental response to start a more coordinated "all hazards" approach. However, that is yet to be seen. The concept of "risk governance" is still lacking in the resilience strategy. In order to improve Japanese risk governance, we have started a study on "all hazards" approach from two perspectives; subjective and objective.
