ホスピスケアの歴史的起源とその根本思想 : ディアコニー運動とその本質

抄録

I. The Concept of the Diakonia It is important that we research the hospice care from the viewpoint of the deaconess movements, when we think of the care especially. The origin of the concept "care" can be found in the old Greek word "diakonein" in The New Testament. The etymology of "diakonein" is "to serve at table". i. Table The table symbolizes openheartness and a hospitality just as the Latin word "hospitium". This elemental idea is the open-minded dialogue with the place. ii. Meal The meal symbolizes life and the death. The eating means to sacrifice another living for oneself. The meal points to the unity of life and death symbolically. One life should be dependent upon another death and one death should support another life. iii. Obedience "To serve" symbolizes Obedience. The carer obeys the cared-for one according to the life which the former gives to the latter. And the carer learns from the cared-for one and receive the wisdom from that person who die. iv. The Principle of the Diakonia The concept of the diakonia is built of the following elements: the open-minded dialogue with the place, the unity of the life and death and giving life and receving wisdom. The ideas of the diakonia are concentrated upon the practice of Jesus Christ. Jesus said by himself that he was a deacon. The practice of diakonia in imitatio Christ is in The New Testament. The New Testament the be cared one should be the poor. II. The Deaconess Societies and their Care The practices of The deakoness are found from the ancient age to the recent times. But the first official society is founded by Theodor Fliedner in Kaiserswerth 1836. The most difficult problem of them has been the conflict between the religiose idea and the technics of the care. III. The Separation of the Deaconess Movements and the social Welfare The deaconess movements spreaded rapidly and widely to the Northern Europe. The ideas of the diakonia spreded also upon The church voluntary works in Denmark. And the elemental thoughts of the diakonia has been developed to the social welfare.