抄録
In Japan the law obliges employers to carry out an annual Health Check-up Examination for their employees. This may be effective for early detection and prevention, but could be an excessive intervention in rights and liberty of individuals, because the result of screeing is used not only for medical services, but for personnel management. Indeed no ethical problem has occured in the case of occupational diseases; nowadays the main target of workplace prevention is, however, non-occupational, chronic diseases, which are to a great extent relative to each individual private life or genes. Informed Consent is generally neglected, or rather ignored. And the priority of various alleged 'compehensive, total' health evaluations to the traditional, which has had to do with physical states of employees, is overestimated. Both in principles and in methods these should be reexamined. The socalled healthiest state is the self-realization. In this sense, health is a synonym for happiness, which is merely ideal. Not the constitutive, but the regulative use is appropriate for an ideal concept. The extent of self-enrichment or -fulfillment of each employee should not be evaluated in the workplace. The dogma of 'positive mental health', commands employees to strive for a higher, maturer mental activity. This is a mirror of shameful, discriminatory stigmatization against the mentally ill.
