Identification and Operational Impact Analysis of GNSS RFI Based on Flight Crew Reports and ADS-B Data

Abstract

Today, satellite navigation is the primary means of navigation in civil aviation. Global Navigation Satellite Systems offer global coverage, high accuracy, and reliable position information. They are not only used for en-route navigation but there are also approach procedures based on satellite navigation and safety systems like the Terrain Avoidance and Warning System, that depend on its reliable data. However, Global Navigation Satellite Systems also have their weaknesses; as the signals from space are very weak, they can easily be disturbed. In recent years, reports about so-called radio frequency interference strongly increased which poses a problem for civil aviation. Airlines have identified the risks associated with radio frequency interference but data on such events is scarce. This paper analyzes Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast data of flights where cockpit crews reported issues that are in line with the expected effects of radio frequency interference. The analysis showed that the effects of radio frequency interference are clearly visible in the Automatic Dependent Surveillance-Broadcast messages, which therefore can serve as a useful source of information to get a holistic picture about the extent of radio frequency interference. Together with flight crew reports describing the effects in the cockpit for different aircraft types, the operational impact of such jamming events can then be assessed.