Development of ELF Band Receiver of Detecting Extreme Low Frequency Magnetic Flux Variation Due to Earthquakes

Abstract

ELF (30-300 Hz) band three-axial magnetic-flux receiver was developed for detecting electromagnetic-wave precursor of earthquakes and volcanic eruption. The receiver attained a high sensitivity of 0.4pT/√Hz (223Hz) and 4.5 pT/√Hz (17Hz) for the ground based observation of the ambient magnetic flux anomaly. The receiver was extended to detect ultra-low-frequency (ULF) variation (0.1 to 10^-7Hz) of crust magnetic flux by through MMD (Modulated Magnetic-flux Detection) reception. It detects the modulated components of the ELF band atmospheric signal which are produced by the crust ULF magnetic-flux variation. The receiver noise due to the artificial noise can be smoothed out from the objective ULF magnetic flux signal by introducing long term integration for the period of 10⁷ seconds of the detected signal. The receiver detected the ULF anomaly of magnetic variation and the Schumann Resonance variation appeared before the two earthquakes of the class M7 occurred in Japan in 2005 and 2007 respectively.