家庭内労働の分担における衡平性の知覚

抄録

　　This study was designed to examine wives’ perceptions of equity/inequity in the division of household labor with their husbands. Questionnaires were administered to wives who had at least one kindergartner. They were asked equity/inequity in household labor from two kinds of viewpoints; relational comparison and referential comparison. They evaluated their division of household labor with their husbands. Next, they compared their division of household labor with those of their close friends. Their marital relationships were rated by Quality Marriage Index (QMI; Norton, 1983). In addition, they rated their own sex-role attitudes and inferred their husbands' attitudes, using Spence ＆ Helmreich’s (1978) Attitudes Toward Women Scale.

　　The main results were as follows:

　　1) Wives felt much underbenefited in the division of household labor. Their perceptions of inequity were salient in the relational comparison.

　　2) Among egalitarian wives who had traditional partners, the referential comparison was significantly related with QMI. In contrast, among egalitarian wives who had egalitarian partners, the relational comparison significantly determined marital relationships. Those results were in part consistent with similarity hypothesis proposed by VanYperen ＆ Buunk (1991).

　　3) In the dyad type composed of a traditional wife and a egalitarian husband, the most positive evaluation of marital relationships was revealed, while the dyad of a egalitarian wife and a traditional husband produced incompatibility. Those results can’t be explained by the fundamental paradox phenomenon suggested by Ickes (1993).