夫婦間のコミュニケーションが表す夫婦間の格差と性役割観

―要求/ 引くコミュニケーションと呼び捨て呼称で呼ぶ行為―

抄録

　　Previous study found that the Japanese had rapidly changed their gender role attitudes from traditional to egalitarian. In contrast, other studies found that the Japanese couple took the traditional gender role attitudes in their house. Therefore, Japanese gender role attitudes inside the house are still unclear. Study 1 aims to show the Japanese couples' gender role attitudes inside their house through couple communication. Study two aims to examine indexes that could facilitate couple communication.

　　Participants of the study one were married 76 women and 55 men, and their average ages were 53.6, and 54.0, respectively. They responded to questionnaires including the wife demand/husband withdraw (WD/HD) and husband demand/wife withdraw (HD/WW) patterns in the Communication Patterns Questionnaire. They also answered the Couple Satisfaction Scale and wrote down their attitudes toward divorce. The results suggested that WD/HW increased couple dissatisfaction and risk of divorce, whereas HD/WW did not explain these variables. These results implied that Japanese participants were similar to American ones who did not take traditional gender role attitudes for granted in their house.

　　Participants of the study two were the same as those of the study one. They wrote down the most-used nicknames between husbands and wives. Wives who used first name as the nickname for their husbands were categorized into the first-name group and those who did not were into the non-first-name group. We found that the first-name group among wives had significantly lower WD/HW than the non first-name group. On the other hand, we did not obtain the same results among husbands. Speakers' attitudes might have more impact on couple communication than listeners' ones. These results implied that wives who call their partner first name could perceive lower WD/HW.

　　Findings of study one and two suggested that the Japanese couples were not restricted by the traditional gender attitudes in the house. The findings also implied that wives who call their husbands first name could facilitate couple communication.