親の問題対処行動と青年のひきこもり傾向及び自己効力感との関連

―青年が認知する親の問題対処行動尺度の作成を通して―

抄録

　　This study sought to develop a scale to measure parental problem-solving with respect to adolescents’ problems and to examine the scale’s reliability and validity. This study also sought to examine the relationship between parental problem-solving and adolescents’ tendency to socially withdraw and self-efficacy. Five patterns of parental problem-solving were assumed to exist: scolding, self-blame, indifference, willful blindness, and running in circles. First, adolescents were asked open-ended questions about these patterns, and a parental problem-solving scale was developed based on their responses. Second, the relationship between parental problem-solving and adolescents’ self-efficacy and tendency to socially withdraw was examined by surveying high school and university students. According to factor analysis, the parental problem-solving scale consisted of three factors: respect for one’s child, blame/rebuke, and indifference. Reliability was determined using internal consistency (α =.81 to .88), and validity was determined through correlation with the Japanese-language version of the Parental Bonding Instrument. A comparison of the models for each school type using multiple population analysis indicated that, in both groups, blame/rebuke increased the tendency to socially withdraw through self-efficacy and that indifference directly increased part of the tendency to socially withdraw. Parental problem-solving may predict the tendency for children to socially withdraw.