Abstract
The use of manipulation strategies was examined by focusing on the adaptive aspects of such strategies. Undergraduate student participants (N=263) completed a questionnaire. Results indicated that participants used manipulative strategies that were appropriate to the situation. Moreover, emotional and physical health of participants who used manipulative strategies was poor. Furthermore, the emotional health of participants who used manipulative strategies to obtain emotional support was also poor, whereas participants who used manipulative strategies to obtain instrumental support were adapted to daily life. These findings indicate that manipulative strategies are not necessarily maladaptive, and suggest that the adaptive aspects of manipulative strategies should be investigated in future studies.
