Abstract
The purpose of this study is to develop and measure the effectiveness of the "Comprehensive Assertion Training (AT)" that revises the conventional AT included in “Japan Air Self-Defense Force Resilience Training". The "Comprehensive AT" is based on Wolpe's (1958) definition of AT and the theory of behavior therapy, attaches equal importance to “affectionate assertion" which is a socially appropriate expression of affection and “oppositional assertion" which is a socially appropriate expression of opposition. The Comprehensive AT program consisted of three hours of "instruction" phase and four weeks of "practice" phase, and its effectiveness was assessed using the “Comprehensive Assertiveness Scale", the WHO mental health index, and analyses of “Assertion Diaries". The program was conducted by a trainer in three separate groups of six adult trainees to assess reproducibility. The results showed its significant effects on the "affectionate assertiveness subscale" score and the mental health index score, while no statistically significant increase was observed for the "oppositional assertiveness subscale" score. It was suggested that further testing of the effectiveness of the “oppositional assertion training" is needed. The study indicated that the documentation of actual practice and continued positive feedback are important factors contributing to the effectiveness of this program. It will be necessary to expand this program to the organizations with similar job characteristics.
https://ror.org/01dq60k83 
