Abstract
This paper analyzes how Japanese native speakers interact with listeners in a seminar discourse. Since a seminar held in Japanese is the most demanding setting for non-native speakers, it is important to know how Japanese native speakers interact in order to encourage non-native speakers' participation. The results show that native speakers use kyowa (collaborative dialogue) most of the time but that there are specific instances that call for the use of taiwa (non-collaborative dialogue). Close analysis of the few taiwa examples shows that native speakers only use taiwa when speaking about something unknown to the listener; and, when expressing an opinion; idea or belief; and when claiming that the opinion they express is their own. If all these situations are not met simultaneously, taiwa is not used.
