On the translation of 'communication' in English-Japanese dictionaries at the end of the 19th century(<Special Issue>Sociolinguistic Sciences of Communication)

Abstract

In English-Japanese dictionaries published at the end of the 19th century, the English word 'communication' was translated into Japanese as: 1) one-sided communication 2) specific behavior or individual action of communication This points out the fact that there was no general term or conception with the meaning of 'bilateral communication' either in Japanese or in loan words from Chinese at that time.