イギリスにおける権限委譲(devolution)と地域分権(regionalism)
2006 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 72-91
詳細
2006 年 43 巻 1 号 p. 72-91
After 1997, in the United Kingdom, devolution had spread to Scotland, North-Ireland And Wales by the Blar Administration and in the recent years, there has been a heightened argument for regionalism in England. In the Scotland, Northern-Ireland and Wales, devolution was put into practice by a Local referendum, the opposing side, regionalism of England aims to create of elected assemblies at eight regions. But in comparison with the Scottish, the English had a fairly low interest in regionalism and its realization doesn't get up to the present. Devolution for Scotland, Northern-Ireland and Wales are similar in terms of legal Basis, but these devolved institutions have different competences in terms of legislative power and effect in the Westminster Parliament. The former Scotland and Northern-Ireland have a primary legislation while Wales has the secondary legislation, the essence being that Scotland and Northern-Ireland can cope with original problems by the primary legislation, but Wales can only do so by the secondary legislation which is influenced by the parent law legislated by the Westminster Parliament. The latter is called, "West Lothian Question". This question has not been solved yet and even possible avenues for solving this situation have yet to be explored. On the other hand, in England, there is the creation of a new tier of government aimed at buttressing the regionalism position after publication of the titled "Your Region,Your Choice". This new tier of government has elected assembly, but no mayor. The aim of this government is to coordinate existing organization, RDAs, Voluntary Regional Camber, GOs and so forth. But in 2004, the referendum of North-East was rejected, and after initial outcome, the other seven rejoins don't practice referendum. In this way, devolution and regionalism in UK are developing, yet unfinished. There are some large problems which have yet to be soloed. The "West Lothian Question", England's regionalism which was mentioned above, demands more competence from Wales and financial transfers are problems still need to be solved in the future. But the movement in the UK for devolution and regionalism provides our country with useful information in terms of participation of inhabitants by referendum, asymemetrical admission by circumstances.
