中国電気自動車・車載電池企業の成長と競争力

エコシステムの視角から観察・分析

抄録

This research observes the process of corporate strategy formulation and capability accumulation in China’s currently booming electric vehicle（EV）market from the perspective of the business ecosystem. China’s automobile exports surpassed Japan for the first time in 2023 and became the world’s top one. The number of automobiles exported by China was 4.91 million units, an increase of 58% compared to 2022, exceeding the 4.42 million units exported from Japan during the same period（up 16% compared to 2022）. China’s exports are driven by new energy vehicles（NEV）, mainly EVs, and the number of NEVs exported increased by 80% in 2023 compared to 2022. A symbol of China’s rise is BYD, China’s largest company, which overtook US Tesla for the first time in EV sales between October and December 2023. BYD’s annual sales in 2023 exceeded 3 million units, and it led the world in NEV sales for two years. Meanwhile, the number of batteries installed in vehicles worldwide in 2023 was 705.5 gigawatt hours, an increase of 38.6% from the previous year. At the same time, the installed capacity of CATL, a major Chinese automotive battery manufacturer, increased by 40.8% to 259.7 gigawatt hours, with a market share of 36.8%, ranking first in the world for the seventh consecutive year. In 2023, the combined market share of CATL（first ranking）and BYD（second ranking）exceeded 50% in terms of the amount of batteries installed in vehicles worldwide. Under such circumstances, worldwide automotive manufacturers are increasing their technological collaborations with BYD and CATL’s EV technology and vehicle batteries. Based on the above recognition, this research has examined the establishment of competitive advantage of BYD and CATL, with their formulation of platforms for EVs and vehicle batteries, and the development of their platform strategies from the perspective of the business ecosystem. I would like to clarify the issue of interest.