Facilitators of and Barriers to Self-Management Behaviors Among Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus: A Qualitative Descriptive Study

Abstract

Purpose: This study aimed to identify the facilitators and barriers that influenced self-management behaviors among women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).

Methods: This was a qualitative descriptive study. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with postpartum women diagnosed with GDM, and framework analysis was conducted.

Results: 8 women participated. Regarding facilitators and barriers, the following four areas were identified: individuals, inter-personal relationships, hospitals, and communities. Regarding facilitators, 11 categories were identified, including Acceptance and high motivation as a pregnant woman, Power of supportive family members, Professional guidance respecting individuality from multiple professions and reassuring attitude of health professionals, and Relief of isolation through peer support and information about GDM and medical treatment. Regarding barriers, 12 categories were identified, including Low self-efficacy in self-management, Difficulty in balancing treatment behavior with childcare of older children, and Lack of individualization and specificity of information and health guidance provided by health professional, Lack of social resources regarding GDM.

Conclusion: Various factors that promoted or inhibited self-management behaviors among women with GDM were identified in the four areas. Improvement of support at each level is required.