2008 Volume 39 Issue 4 Pages 210-220
Aspiration frequently occurs in the elderly. Most aspiration in the elderly does not contribute to neuro-,or muscle-degeneration of the pharynx and larynx but the sensory and transmission impairment of neurons in the brain. Not only medical approaches but also caring/nursing approaches on neurons related to aspiration are important in medication for pneumonia or prevention of aspiration. In particular, olfactory stimulation with black pepper oil improves the swallowing reflexible movement in the elderly with dysphagia. The integrated approach with medication such as an angiotensin-converting enzyme or a dopaminergic agent, oral care, meal temperature, spice with capsaicin and menthol, and olfactory stimulation with black pepper oil can prevent aspiration or aspiration pneumonia in the elderly.
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