2023 年 21 巻 1 号 p. 25-33
本研究では、疑問詞質問に部分的に応答可能な知的障害を伴う自閉スペクトラム症児2名を対象に、松下・志村(2018)の手続きを用いて疑問詞質問への応答スキルの指導を行い、場面般化が成立するかどうかを検討した。まず遊び場面において、質問応答の実態を把握した。続く指導では、「人」「場所」「もの」の3要素を組み合わせた複数の刺激を用意し、その一部を用いる「マトリックス訓練」と誤反応生起時に正反応を口頭でフィードバックし、対象児に模倣させる「音声フィードバック訓練」が導入された。その結果、「だれ」「どこ」「なに」の疑問詞質問への適切な応答が促進され、未訓練の刺激に対しても般化が示された。また遊び場面や日常生活場面への般化では、遊びや疑問詞の種類によって質問応答の適切さが異なった。以上の結果を踏まえ、場面般化に及ぼす要因が考察された。
We examined the generalization of skills for responding to interrogative questions in two children with intellectual disabilities and autism spectrum disorder (ASD) who could partially respond to such queries using the procedure developed by Matsushita and Shimura (2018). Then, we evaluated the generalization of these responses. Initially, we observed the children’s reactions to interrogative questions in a play setting. In the subsequent instruction, we employed “matrix training,” which involved combining three elements: “person,” “place,” and “object,” and provided verbal feedback when the participants gave incorrect responses. We followed this with “verbal feedback training” by prompting the children to imitate the correct responses. The results indicated that this procedure facilitated appropriate responses to interrogative questions starting with “who,” “where,” and “what,” Moreover, the reactions generalized even to untrained stimuli. However, the question-response appropriateness varied depending on the play context and the type of interrogative used during play and daily life situations. Based on these findings, we. have discussed the factors influencing generalization.