2023 年 21 巻 1 号 p. 45-55
本研究では、特別支援学級に在籍する障害児の保護者が捉えた特別支援学級担任が実施する支援の程度(実施度)、重要と考える支援の程度(重要度)を小・中学校比較より把握し、パートナーシップ構築に向け特別支援学級担任に求められる資質・能力の明示を目的とした。Summers et al.(2005)を参考に、①教師が障害児の指導・支援の専門性を有し、教師と保護者が、②一緒に教育する姿勢をもって適切なコミュニケーションを図りながら、③連携・協働ができている時に、障害児の保護者と教師のパートナーシップが構築されていると定義した。対象は、特別支援学級親の会会員377名であった。調査期間は、2020年12月から2カ月間とした。質問紙は古川・宮寺(2015)等を基に作成した。分析には、統計ソフトSPSS Statistics 27を用いた。分析数は小学校128、中学校38(有効回答率44.0%)であった。結果、小学生の保護者は中学生の保護者に比べ、特別支援学級担任の障害児に身に付いた力等の把握の実施度を評価した。小学生の保護者は中学生の保護者より特別支援学級担任からコミュニケーションの支援の実施度および重要度、さらに子供の目標等を共有する実施度を評価したが、小・中学生の保護者ともに家族自体への支援の実施度を低く評価した。結果から特別支援学級担任に求められる資質・能力は、①障害児の指導の専門性(小・中)、②一緒に教育する姿勢での適切なコミュニケーション(中)、③校内外連携の充実(小・中)、④障害児の目標等の共有(中)、⑤家族自体への支援の充実(小・中)が指摘できた。
This study aimed to understand the degree of support provided by special education class teachers as perceived by parents and guardians of children with disabilities enrolled in special education classes (implementation level) and the degree of support considered essential (importance level). We compared elementary and middle schools to clarify the qualities and abilities required of special education class teachers for building partnerships. Following the framework of Summers et al. (2005), we defined partnership between parents of children with disabilities and teachers as occurring when: (1) teachers possess expertise in guiding and supporting children with disabilities, (2) teachers and parents engage in appropriate communication with an attitude of co-education, and (3) collaboration and cooperation are possible. Members of special education class parent association participated in the study (N = 337). We surveyed over two months, starting from December 2020. We developed a questionnaire based on the work of Furukawa and Miyadera (2015), among others. We analyzed the responses of 128 elementary school parents and 38 middle school parents (a valid response rate of 44.0%) using the statistical software SPSS Statistics 27. Results indicated that elementary school students’ parents more highly evaluated the teachers’ degree of implementing and understanding disabled children’s abilities than middle school students’ parents. Moreover, elementary school students’ parents more highly rated the implementation and importance of communication support and sharing children’s goals by teachers than parents of middle school students. However, both elementary and middle school parents rated the teachers’ level of family support as low. These results indicate that abilities required of special education class teachers include: (1) expertise in guiding children with disabilities (both in elementary and middle school), (2) appropriate communication with an attitude of co-education (in middle school), (3) strengthening collaboration within and outside the school in (in elementary and middle schools), (4) sharing goals of children with disabilities (in middle school), and (5) enhancing support for the family (in elementary and middle schools).