Toward a Welfare Policy that Realizes “Different and Equal”: The Essence and Potential of DEI

Abstract

This paper explores the principles of diversity, equity, and inclusion (DEI) through the lens of disability policy in Japan. Rather than treating DEI as a charitable gesture toward the vulnerable, the author argues that it must be reframed as a rights-based approach grounded in the principle of equality among all. In a society like Japan, where conformity is deeply ingrained, difference is often marginalized. This is evident in systems such as special needs education and long-term institutionalization, which maintain separation under the guise of equality. The paper advocates for a shift to relational egalitarianism, which embraces the idea of different and equal. A case study from Toyonaka City illustrates how inclusive education can be implemented through practical and creative adjustments in mainstream schools. To prevent DEI from becoming a passing trend, structural reform and grassroots dialogue are essential. The author concludes that sustainable change requires a hopeful commitment to practice and the co-production of inclusive public spaces.