Abstract
Electromagnetic (EM) techniques for oil and gas exploration have been used for many years. These methods include magnetotelluric (MT), marine magnetotelluric (MMT) and during the last few years, marine controlled source electromagnetic (CSEM). The basic idea behind the use of marine CSEM for hydrocarbons is to identify resistive layers in an otherwise conductive environment. The fundamental equipment requires to conduct a marine CSEM survey consists of seafloor EM receivers and an electric dipole transmitter. A horizontal electrical dipole is towed close to the seafloor inducing a low frequency. EM signal could be recorded by stationary sea bottom receivers.
