抄録
Contributions of applied geophysics to petroleum exploration are discussed. We succinctly look over geophysical prospecting in exploration of structural and stratigraphic plays. Structural prospecting has been the first, main concept for petroleum exploration through seismic imaging of subsurface. Stratigraphic prospecting was eventually successful as a by-product of structural exploration before digital seismics were introduced in 1960's through 1970's. Wireline logging provides us of basic data for our subsurface mapping and formation evaluation, and for calibration and improvement of quality of seismic processing.
Geophysical prospecting was performed as; (1) gravity profiling in the latest 19th century, (2) single channel refraction and/or reflection profiling in late 1920's through 1930's, (3) multichannel reflection seismic survey to minimize noises by stacking CDP gathers during 1950's, (4) analysis of subsurface seismic velocity data qualitatively defining subsurface lithology and fluid in 1960's through 1970's, (5) analyses of allostratigraphy and sedimentary facies in 1970's, and (6) 3D seismic surveys that lead detailed, regional paleogeology and definition of stratigraphic plays in 1980's through 1990's.
Seismic stratigraphy is a key in stratigraphic prospecting. We now can perform seismic geomorphology and reconstructive basin analysis based on 3D seismic data-cubes normally and inversely processed. 4D surveys represent changes of physical properties of subsurface formations through time.
Future progress in the geophysical prospecting is expected in (1) combining of macro- and nano-surveys; that is, clarifying and solving enigmas in petroleum technology, e.g., primary migration of oil and gas, and efficient development of shale resources.
Human development in technological education and management system of human resources are also the keys for this progress. Multidisciplinary education of geology, applied geophysics is desired for effective performance in petroleum exploration and exploitation. High seismic resolution is required for not only structural imaging but also rock physical one.
