Methodologies and Problems of Environmental Technology Transfer to Developing Countries

Abstract

Methodology for an effective and substantial technology transfer to developing countries in East Asia is discussed from the viewpoint of monitoring of air and water pollutants. First example of technology transfer is an introduction of passive samplers at Shenyang, China for monitoring SO₂ concentration. Second example is the Hi-volume air sampling to evaluate the aerosol concentration and chemical compositions in Bangkok, Thailand. Third was a portable UV-COD analyzer for river pollution at Cavite, Philippines. In these successful technology transfers, the most important factors in transferring technologies to adequate sites (countries) are low cost, maintenance-free and simple operation for analysis. However, we have to keep in mind the objectives of the technology transfer. Most of ODA confine their target on the pollution control officers in national / local governments. But private companies actually pay the cost for installing the waste gas treatment facilities. Therefore promotion and encouragement of pollution control engineers in private companies are very important when we have pollution control seminars in developing countries.