Abstract
In this paper, I have analyzed six examinations of conceptual and procedural knowledge on "Velocity". 3 examinations on conceptual knowledge as well as 3 examinations on procedural knowledge consist of "Velocity Context", "Duration Context", and "Distance Context", respectively. "Velocity Context" is judged by duration and distance, "Duration Context" is judged by distance and velocity, and "Distance Context" is judged by velocity and duration. The subjects are 211 pupils of 5 elementary schools in Kobe and are from fourth to sixth grade.
I have conducted Guttman's scalogram analysis to six examinations, and validity of them is statistically confirmed by CR, MMR, and PPR. Also reliability of them is evidenced in terms of coefficient of reliability by KR-20. And then results of 6 exam- inations are shown in Table 1.
Table 1: An Outline of the Subjects' Scores
Note: For Table 1, Xi, Yi, and Zi are respectively “Velocity Context”, “Duration Context”, and “Distance Context” in conceptual
knowledge,. And xi, yi, and zi are respectively “Velocity Context”, “Duration Context”, and “Distance Context” in procedural
knowledge.
As results of analyses on the basis of Table 1, I have clarified the following content in correlations.
(1) For the subjects' Scores, there is a weak correlation between Xi and xi, or Yi and yi, but not much between Zi and zi. As results of 2 factors' analysis of variance on the basis of Table 2 and Table 3, which was made out of Table 1, I have cleared the following. And asterisk in Table 3 shows that it is significant at 5% level.
(2) There are significant in the main effect of Factor B and the tow-way interaction of Factor A×Factor B, but not in the main effect of Factor A.
(3) As the result of multiple comparison tests about Factor B, subjects are easiest to understand "Distance Context" among 3 contexts.
(4) As results of multiple comparison tests about the simple main effect on Factor A and Factor B, subjects are easy to comprehend in order of "Yi→Zi→Xi" and "zi→xi→yi". And also xi, Yi, and zi are more predominant than Xi, yi, and Zi, respectively.
Table 2: AB add-up about means
Table 3: Results of analysis of variance about Factor A and Factor B
