2019 Volume 16 Pages 31-41
The purpose of this study was to systematically review the definition of yips, its symptoms and how it is assessed, and propose a new operational definition. The study found that the description of yips symptoms is similar to that of competitive anxiety and dystonia. However, there is no unified definition of yips or means of assessment, which may be an obstacle to the establishment of a standardized intervention method. In this study, we propose an operational definition of yips, including elements of competitive anxiety and dystonia, referencing the diagnostic criteria of anxiety disorder in DSM-5. In the future, it is necessary to include discussions in each area so as to create a standard operational definition for yips and establish comprehensive means of support for athletes suffering from yips.
